topic: Should the US impose coercive and/or punitive measures against pregnant women who use alcohol, nicotine, or other drugs? If no, then why not? If yes, what form should such measures take, and what might be some of the potential drawbacks or unintended consequences that might arise if we were to enact such penalties or sanctions?

1. In your answer, you will need to make sure you address at least three levels of Bronfenbrenner’s model (  this link is helpful https://youtu.be/HV4E05BnoI8)

2. respond these 2 comments by ending with an open question

example 1: I do not think the U.S. should impose either coercive or punitive measures on pregnant women who use alcohol, nicotine or other drugs. Some women can't control becoming pregnant. Starting off with one of the strongest reasons I am against women being penalized for using alcohol, nicotine or other drugs is because rape is an unfortunate event in some women's lives. Here they are now with a baby they don't want and were not prepared for and it would be ridiculous to punish them for trying to cope with what they are dealing with. Some people drink to cope with pain and depression, others take drugs to forget the pain. All of these things I'm sure people experience after such a dark and traumatic event. This ties into Bronfenbrenner's Exosystem layer of his ecological theory. The fact is anyone around you could be a rapist and they could be a part of your neighborhood or your workplace and you wouldn't know it until it happens to you or someone you know. You're around so many people every day and who's to say you're safe around any of them.

Secondly, some women don't even know they are pregnant to begin with. What if women who like to drink and end up forgetting things have a one night stand and that turns out to be the night a baby is conceived. The woman is out casually drinking with her peers like she does every weekend and then all of a sudden she has a baby in her and doesn't know it for a while. This woman should not be punished since she didn't know and she has always been casually drinking with peers. She then goes to the doctor for a check-up and finds out she is pregnant. This ties into Bronfenbrenner's Microsystem layer of his ecological theory. Anyone should be allowed to continue their weekly routine especially a woman who doesn't know she is pregnant.

Lastly, the woman ultimately has the choice whether or not she drinks, does nicotine or any other drugs to begin with. The U.S. may have its own opinions and thoughts on the matter but shouldn't impose anything on the woman. What the U.S. may not see as okay, she might see as perfectly fine or reasonable. In this scenario, the woman doesn't think drinking every other night will have any effect on her baby whatsoever. This ties into Bronfenbrenner's Macrosytem layer of his ecological theory. The U.S. ideology may be to not drink, do nicotine or other drugs while pregnant. The pregnant woman has her own ideas and thoughts on the matter and gets the final say with what she does and what she puts in her body.

example 2: Most pregnant American women do not receive adequate prenatal care. The Bronfenbrenner’s theory has some impact on this issue. The Bronfenbrenner’s theory has multiple systems, microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. I believe the microsystem, mesosystem, and exosystem has effect on why women cannot receive correct prenatal care.

            The microsystem includes the individuals immediate environment such as family, church, peers, and school. And if the individual doesn’t have support from their family, they may not know what adequate prenatal care is or where to get it. The church might turn their back on the individual if she isn’t married yet. Or the girl is young and is scared to ask for help due to judgement.

            The mesosystem includes the interconnections between meso and micro, such as family to school relation. One women may not be able to receive care because they live in a dangerous neighborhood and have a hard time attending appointments.

            The exosystem is where the individual is not involved in the particular environment, such as their parents work life and their religious beliefs. A women may not receive adequate prenatal care due to their parents not making enough money.

            The Bronfenbrenner’s theory has a lot of input on why most American women don’t receive proper prenatal care. And the micro, meso, and exo system can prove it.

requirements: It should be substantive. An initial post should be around 2-3 full-fledged paragraphs, not just a couple of sentences. Responses to questions 1 and 2 can be a little shorter, but they need to be at least a paragraph or two. They should NOT just boil down to "Hey, I thought of that too" or "Your ideas are interesting." The goal is quality, not quantity.
Posts need to include citations. These can be from the textbook, outside sources, or both. You can share personal experiences or observations, but these cannot make up your entire post. Here are some ways you can add citations:
Relate your ideas or observations to specific theories or concepts from the textbook. You can assume everyone else has read the book too, but you do need to give enough detail that it's clear to me that you understand the relationship.
Find an outside source to support your claims. For example, if you feel that teens' social skills are harmed by excessive phone usage, then find an expert who agrees with this viewpoint. Or if you state that the teen birthrate in the US has declined in recent years, you would need to tell the class where you got that statistic.
Always cite your sources! If you're citing from the textbook, you can just put a page number in parentheses, with no reference list required. If it's any other source, then you need to include a parenthetical citation (authors' names plus year of publication) and a complete reference list at the end.