Virtual Lab: The Cardiovascular System

Note: both the anatomy (bold words) and questions may appear on your next lab exam so save this paper to study from after you complete the lab.

Blood Typing

Blood typing can be accomplished through use of an agglutination assay. Click on the link below to learn how to perform an agglutination assay: https://educationalgames.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/2.html

Then practice using an agglutination assay to determine the blood type of an unknown sample by playing this interactive blood typing game. https://educationalgames.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/bloodtypinggame/gamev2/index.html

Finally examine the agglutination assay below. Use the assay to record your answers in the table on the next page. You may be asked to interpret a similar assay during your next lab exam.

    Sample 1

  Sample 2

  Sample 3

  Sample 4

For each reaction, indicate whether or not you observe agglutination (yes or no). Then use the agglutination assay to determine the blood type.

Heart Anatomy

You may be asked to identify any bold structure on your next lab exam. Label the bold font structures on the below figures.

chambers (you should be able to identify these from the outside and in a sectioned heart): right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

valves: right atrioventricular valve (tricuspid is also acceptable), left atrioventricular valve (bicuspid or mitral are also acceptable), aortic semilunar valve, pulmonary semilunar valve

blood vessels (these are the major vessel that empty into or out of the heart): pulmonary artery (there is a left and a right artery going to the left and right lung), pulmonary vein (again, left and right),  aorta, vena cava (there is a superior portion called the superior vena cava and an inferior portion called the inferior vena cava)

coronary vessels (these blood vessels supply the heart itself): coronary arteries, coronary veins                                                                  

                        frontal section

Watch the following animation about the path of blood flow through the heart: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XaftdE_h60

Now it’s your turn to trace the path of blood flow through the heart. As you fill in the below chart, identify each structure on your figure (above) to trace blood flow. Include the vessels, the 4 chambers, the system, the lungs, and end where you started.

____system____ -> ______________ -> ______________ -> ______________ ->

_____________ -> ______________ -> ______________ -> ______________ ->  

_____________-> _______________ -> ____system____

Watch the sheep heart dissection: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Qm1fxePfAs

What section was used to view all 4 chambers of the heart? _________________________

What is another name for left atrioventricular (AV) valve? ____________________________

What structure attaches the AV valve to the papillary muscles? __________________________

What is the thickest layer of the heart? ________________________________

Blood Pressure

Click on the link to watch how we typically measure blood pressure: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=14&v=UGOoeqSo_ws&feature=emb_logo

What does each number in a blood pressure recording represent? ______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Does this blood pressure measurement estimate pressure in the arteries, capillaries, or veins? ______________________________________________________________________

In what specific blood vessel do we typically measure blood pressure? _____________________________________________________________

Electrocardiography; EKG

Click on the below link to use an ECG simulator. First, observe a normal ECG (called a normal sinus rhythm). Then explore some abnormalities (called arrhythmias). Be sure to observe sinus bradycardia and sinus tachycardia. https://www.skillstat.com/tools/ecg-simulator. Sketch an ECG Based on your observation of a normal sinus rhythm. Label the P-wave, QRS complex and T-wave.

How do sinus bradycardia and sinus tachycardia differ from your normal sinus rhythm? _____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Using your sketch of a normal sinus rhythm, indicate the electrical and contraction even that each wave/complex corresponds to. Electrical events include atrial depolarization, ventricular depolarization, and ventricular repolarization. Contraction events include atrial systole, ventricular systole, and ventricular diastole.

Why don’t you see evidence of atrial repolarization in the EKG? _____________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Please submit this assignment on canvas by the due date. Then save it to study for your lab exam.